Washington DC, US
Reuters
Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft undocked from the International Space Station on Friday, leaving behind its first crew of US astronauts to return to Earth empty and finish a drawn-out test mission fraught with technical issues.
NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, who became the first two to fly Starliner in June, remained on the ISS with seven other astronauts 400 kilometres in orbit as Starliner autonomously departed the laboratory at 6:04pm ET for a six-hour journey toward Earth.
Starliner mission to the ISS, in Cape Canaveral, Florida, on 5th June, 2024. PICTURE: Reuters/Joe Skipper.
The two astronauts bid farewell to a capsule whose propulsion system problems stretched their eight-day test into an eight-month mission. Stocked with extra food and supplies, Wilmore and Williams will instead return on a SpaceX vehicle in February 2025, NASA announced last week.
Since then, Boeing engineers have uploaded new software to Starliner that allows it to come back without a crew inside. The return trip will be a key test of Starliner’s maneuvering capability.
The capsule is poised to use its maneuvering thrusters to gradually lower its orbit and reenter Earth’s atmosphere at around 11:17pm , followed by a 12:03am parachute-assisted touchdown at the White Sands Space Harbor, an arid military test site in New Mexico.
Five of Starliner’s 28 maneuvering thrusters had failed with Wilmore and Williams on board during their approach to the ISS in June, while the same propulsion system sprang several leaks of helium, which is used to pressurize the thrusters.
Despite successfully docking on June 6, the failures set off a monthslong investigation by Boeing – with some help from NASA – that has cost the company $US125 million, bringing total cost overruns on the Starliner program just above $US1.6 billion since 2016, according to a Reuters analysis of securities filings.
Boeing’s Starliner woes have persisted since the spacecraft failed a 2019 test trip to the ISS without a crew. Starliner did a re-do mission in 2022 and largely succeeded, though some of its thrusters malfunctioned.
The aerospace giant’s Starliner woes represent the latest struggle that call into question Boeing’s future in space, a domain it had dominated for decades until Elon Musk’s SpaceX began offering cheaper launches for satellites and astronauts and reshaped the way NASA works with private companies.
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Boeing hopes to recover the Starliner capsule after it touches down in New Mexico and continue its investigation into why the thrusters failed in space.
But the section housing Starliner’s thrusters – the “service module” trunk that provides in-space maneuvering capabilities – is designed to detach from the capsule just before it plunges into Earth’s atmosphere.
The service module bearing the faulty thrusters will burn up in the atmosphere, meaning Boeing will rely on simulated tests to figure out what went wrong with the hardware in space.
Starliner, bearing a heatshield to survive its own reentry, will deploy a series of parachutes to slow its descent and inflate a set of exterior airbags moments before touchdown to cushion the impact.
